MLwiN was created by the Centre for Multilevel Modelling team with colleagues in other centres. MLwiN has benefited enormously from the input of numerous people. Michael Healy wrote the original version of NANOSTAT which formed the basis for MLn, a predecessor of MLwiN. Professor Bill Browne provided the foundations and coding of the MCMC features of the software. The (ESRC) have provided essential support over the years.

Multilevel modelling has rapidly become established as the appropriate tool for modelling data with complex hierarchical structures. It is important for extending our understanding of social, biological and other sciences beyond that which can be obtained through single level modelling. Multilevel modelling is now being used in Education, Medical science, Demography, Economics, Agriculture and many other areas.

The term multilevel refers to a nested membership relation among units in a system. In an education system, for example, students are members of classes, and classes are grouped within schools. When 'single level' techniques such as multiple regression are applied to data from a structure such as this, the analysis will ignore important aspects of the data structure and the results will often be misleading.

The basic procedures for modelling purely hierarchical data have been extended to include cross-classifications and cases where lower level units belong to more than one higher level unit. Thus, models can now be fitted to data with extremely complex structures.

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